RSV与心脏健康

呼吸道合胞病毒，通常称为RSV，是一种常见的呼吸道病毒. Nearly all children will contract RSV by the time they’re two, 和 it affects about 65 million people every year. 

对大多数人来说, 呼吸道合胞病毒包括轻度, 冷若症状, 和 you’ll probably feel better in a week or two. 但对其他人来说, especially in high-risk groups like infants 和 older adults, RSV can be serious 和 can even lead to hospitalization. 

More severe cases of RSV can cause bronchiolitis 和 pneumonia. 它还会加剧哮喘和充血性心力衰竭等慢性健康问题. 严重的呼吸道合胞病毒也会对你的心脏健康产生严重影响. The good news for older adults is that a new vaccine has been approved. (请继续阅读以了解更多细节.)

Diagnosing RSV 和 preventing its spread

许多人认为呼吸道合胞病毒是一种季节性疾病，始于秋季，在冬季达到高峰. But COVID-19 disrupted some of its predictability in 2020, 和 experts are uncertain what to expect into the future.

很难将呼吸道合胞病毒与其他季节性呼吸道疾病区分开来, 比如流感和感冒, because they share many symptoms including coughing, 打喷嚏, 和拥堵. 你的医生可以进行特殊的检查来确定你的疾病的具体情况.

如果你是患有心血管疾病(CVD)或相关危险因素的老年患者, 你有呼吸道症状, 去看医生很重要，因为你可能感染了呼吸道合胞病毒. Your doctor can help you take steps to prevent the spread, 控制你的病情，注意心血管疾病症状的恶化，以防需要住院治疗.

呼吸道合胞病毒的影响

仅在美国, 高达160,000 adults are hospitalized every year for more serious cases of RSV. 在更严重的RSV病例中，RSV与心脏健康之间存在很强的相关性. 

约14%至22%的成年住院患者因心血管问题而复杂化，包括病情恶化 充血性心力衰竭, 急性冠状动脉综合征 和 心律失常. 潜在的心血管疾病也与45%至63%因呼吸道合胞病毒住院的成年人有关. 

你有危险吗??

If you’re an older adult or an adult with chronic medical conditions, 你可能会面临严重呼吸道合胞病毒和心血管并发症的风险增加. Some people who face the highest risk of RSV include:

• 75岁及以上成年人
• Adults with weakened immune systems
• Adults with chronic medical conditions like lung disease, cardiovascular diseases including 充血性心力衰竭 和 冠状动脉疾病, kidney disorders 和 neurologic conditions.

如何诊断

如果你感染了呼吸道合胞病毒，你可能会在感染后的四到六天内出现症状. 症状可能包括:

• 流鼻涕
• 食欲减退
• 咳嗽
• 打喷嚏
• 发热
• 喘息

These symptoms usually appear in stages 和 not all at once.

如何治疗

Most RSV infections go away on their own in a week or two, 和 antiviral medication isn’t usually recommended. But there are some things you can do to relieve symptoms.

喝足够的液体. Don’t forget to drink plenty of fluids. You’ll prevent dehydration (loss of body fluids).

保持对发烧和疼痛的警惕 使用非处方退烧药和止痛药，包括对乙酰氨基酚或布洛芬.

Talk to your health care professional 如果你的症状变得严重. 重要的是要记住，呼吸道合胞病毒会导致一些人患上严重的疾病.

呼吸道合胞病毒并发症

虽然大多数呼吸道合胞病毒病例仍然是轻微的，但可能发生严重的并发症. 这包括支气管炎, pneumonia 和 worsening conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 和 充血性心力衰竭.

研究表明，高达22%的住院成年人经历心血管并发症, such as worsened 充血性心力衰竭, 新的心律失常和 中风. 

重要的是要了解你可能面临的更高风险，以及保护自己和亲人的最佳方式, especially if you’re in a more vulnerable population.

RSV infections can be dangerous for certain adults. 每年, 估计在60,000-160,在美国，65岁及以上的成年人有6000人住院治疗,000-10,000 of them die due to RSV infection. Adults at highest risk for severe RSV infection include:

• Older adults, especially those 65 years 和 older
• Adults with chronic heart or lung disease
• Adults with weakened immune systems

What to know about RSV 和 your heart health

如果你有心脏问题, 特别注意并向你的健康护理专家寻求建议是至关重要的. Severe cases of RSV can be complicated by cardiovascular issues, which can lead to hospitalization 和 even death. 

研究表明，多达63%的呼吸道合胞病毒住院成人有潜在的心血管疾病. 14-22%因RSV住院的成年患者有心血管并发症，包括充血性心力衰竭恶化, 急性冠状动脉综合征 和 心律失常. 

研究人员认为，RSV主要通过呼吸道影响心血管健康.

RSV has also been linked to myocardial damage. 它也可能导致 缺血 (an inadequate blood supply to the heart) 和 increased risk of 心房纤颤 (不规则的、快速的心跳).

心血管并发症

RSV与心律不齐等心血管疾病恶化有关, 心力衰竭和心脏病发作, both in patients with 和 without known diagnoses of these conditions.

• 心脏病发作和中风 -患者面临更高的风险 心脏病 or 中风 immediately after contracting RSV. 感染后三天内的风险最高，但在90天内风险仍然很高.
• 充血性心力衰竭 – Adults with CHF 和 RSV are more likely to require inpatient care. 研究人员发现，慢性心力衰竭患者的住院率是非慢性心力衰竭患者的8倍. 在呼吸道合胞病毒流行季节，因瑞士法郎住院的病例中，超过5%是由于呼吸道合胞病毒感染. 对于老年人来说，情况更糟. 一项研究发现，20%因呼吸道合胞病毒入院的老年患者出院时的初步诊断为CHF.
• 冠状动脉疾病 – High rates of underlying CAD have been found in patients with RSV, 尽管一项研究发现，这些患者更有可能接受门诊治疗而不是住院治疗. 

严重感染的时候

当一个成年人感染呼吸道合胞病毒, they typically have mild 冷若症状, but some may develop a lung infection or pneumonia. RSV can sometimes also lead to worsening of serious conditions such as:

• 哮喘
• 慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)——一种导致呼吸困难的肺部慢性疾病
• 充血性心力衰竭——心脏不能向全身输送足够的血液和氧气

Older adults who get very sick from RSV may need to be hospitalized. 有些甚至会死亡. 老年人比年轻人患呼吸道合胞病毒严重并发症的风险更大，因为我们的免疫系统随着年龄的增长而减弱.

避免RSV

There are some simple steps you can take to stay healthy 和 avoid RSV.

洗手. Use soaps 和 water or an alcohol-based h和 sanitizer.

Don’t touch your face with unwashed h和s. 这就是我们传播细菌的方式.

远离生病的人. 如果朋友或家人有类似感冒的症状，不要与他们接吻或共用杯子或餐具. 

咳嗽和打喷嚏时捂住嘴. 需要咳嗽或打喷嚏? Be sure 和 cover your mouth 和 nose with a tissue or your shirt sleeve. Of course, toss your tissue in the trash.

干净，干净，干净! 记住要清洁和消毒人们经常接触的表面和物体, 包括玩具, 门把手和移动设备. Do this 和 you’ll help ditch the germs.

感到恶心? 呆在家里. You don’t want others to catch the illness. Protect those around you by avoiding work, school 和 public areas. 

感到恶心? 读了 该做什么和不该做什么 to help you get better 和 protect others when you have a virus.

呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗

A vaccine is now available for older adults. The CDC recommends the RSV vaccine for the following people:

• 年龄在75岁及以上的人
• Adults ages 60-74 at increased risk of severe RSV
• 60-74岁的成年人风险增加的人群包括那些患有慢性心脏病或肺病的人, certain other chronic medical conditions, 以及那些住在养老院或其他长期护理机构的人

孕妇疫苗或单克隆抗体产品也可用于保护婴幼儿免受严重呼吸道合胞病毒感染.

RSV vaccine is not currently an annual vaccine, meaning older adults do not need to get a dose every RSV season. 如果你去年接种了呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗，今年就不需要再接种了.

接种疫苗的最佳沙巴足球体育平台是夏末和初秋——正好在RSV开始在社区传播之前.  

研究表明，注射一次疫苗可以将有症状疾病的风险降低83%，严重疾病的风险降低94%. 对于患有心肺疾病的老年患者来说，接种疫苗尤其重要.

If you have questions about the RSV vaccine 和 if it’s right for you, talk to your health care professional.